The smart Trick of KGW Crystal That Nobody is Discussing
The smart Trick of KGW Crystal That Nobody is Discussing
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In conclusion, we shown that undoped scintillator crystals: BGO, GGG, YSO, LSO and LYSO are economical nonlinear supplies for broadband SC generation within the around-infrared and small-wave infrared spectral ranges, when pumped by a hundred and eighty fs elementary harmonic pulses from an amplified Yb:KGW laser. YSO, LSO and LYSO manufactured two octave-spanning SC spectra, which Examine to SC spectra made in YAG. These products show pretty related performances to YAG also with regard to threshold and exceptional pump pulse energies for SC generation. Even so, for what considerations the chance to function at substantial laser pulse repetition amount, YSO, LSO and LYSO clearly show strong Procedure only at ten kHz and quickly degrade (inside of a few minutes) at 20 kHz. Besides the rather minimal SC generation threshold (169 nJ), GGG demonstrated excellent effectiveness properties from the small-wave infrared While using the exceptional pump pulse Vitality of 464 nJ, which can be two occasions reduce than in YAG: the most important pink-shifted spectral broadening and the best spectral Strength density, outperforming KGW and YAG crystals in that factor.
In contrast, the seed laser is often amplified to more than one mJ under the orthogonal orientation configuration.
Before the development of Nd:YAG, Nd3+:CaWO4 was a very important scarce-earth-doped laser achieve medium. It absolutely was in actual fact used in the first repeatedly operating crystal laser.
One other was placed with its Np -axis parallel While using the s-polarized path. A comparison was made among a configuration with the crystals put in the identical orientation (
KGW (potassium gadolinium more info tungstate) is actually a crystal that is commonly employed as being a Raman crystal in Raman spectroscopy. It's really a colorless, clear crystal that includes a higher Raman scattering efficiency and a strong Raman spectrum, making it appropriate for A variety of Raman apps.
Question RP Photonics for just about any guidance relating to tungstate lasers, which includes femtosecond lasers and large-electric power lasers.
The pink-shifted part of the SC spectrum in BGO has the lowest spectral Electricity density, that's one–2 orders of magnitude reduce than in the rest of the supplies. On the other hand, really reduced Electricity threshold of SC era, and also lower optimum pump Strength in BGO, needs to be pointed out. The approximated spectral Electrical power densities made in LSO and LYSO are really just like YAG all through the main Component of the SC spectrum. Probably the most appealing discovering in that regard is GGG crystal, which, Even with extremely reasonable blue-shifted spectral broadening, produces the most important spectral purple-shift and the highest spectral Electricity density during the 1600�?000 nm variety, which is nearly an purchase of magnitude higher than that created in YAG.
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Tungstates are likely to get significant Raman coefficients (�?Raman scattering). For that reason, they could crank out sizeable Raman get at moderate optical intensities. It is feasible to make use of the laser crystal by itself like a Raman converter.
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An example of such conduct is proven in Fig. 7a. The character of spectral changes is highlighted in Fig. 7d, which demonstrates how the SC spectrum to the lengthy-wavelength aspect shrinks significantly, from 1800 nm to 1450 nm, just right after eight minutes of exposure time in the stationary sample. LT crystal shown considerably much better long-time period effectiveness: at pulse repetition fees of nearly one hundred kHz no narrowing on possibly side of the SC spectrum was detected. On the other hand, immediate narrowing of your SC spectrum in LT crystal was observed just after the very first 5 minutes of operation when the heart beat repetition price was established at two hundred kHz (information not revealed). In distinction to the above mentioned resources, BGO and GGG demonstrated exceptional SC technology performances with none spectral adjustments at a pulse repetition rate of 200 kHz, as attested by the point number of SC spectra in BGO and GGG, revealed in Fig. 7b and c, respectively. Figure 7e and f outline equivalent styles of SC spectra at the start and at the end of one hour-lasting measurement in the two supplies.